Body language—non-verbal communication through facial expressions, gestures, posture, and eye contact—has long been regarded as a window into human thoughts and emotions. Popular media often touts it as a “tell-all” tool capable of exposing lies or revealing hidden intentions. However, scientific evidence paints a more nuanced picture. While body language is a powerful form of communication,…
In today’s dynamic and competitive corporate environment, effective communication is a core competency, and presentation skills are among the most valuable assets for professionals and organizations. Good presentation skills go beyond delivering information—they shape perception, build credibility, influence decision-making, and drive business success. As organizations grow increasingly reliant on knowledge sharing, persuasion, and stakeholder engagement, the ability…
The Law of Requisite Variety, formulated by British cybernetician W. Ross Ashby in the mid-20th century, is a foundational principle in systems theory and cybernetics. It posits that “only variety can absorb variety” (Ashby, 1956), meaning that a control system must be at least as complex as the environment it aims to regulate. In simple terms, the greater…
Locus of control (LoC) is a fundamental concept in personality psychology that pertains to an individual’s beliefs about the extent to which they can control events affecting them. Introduced by Julian B. Rotter in 1954, LoC is a key construct within social learning theory and is widely applied in educational, clinical, organizational, and health psychology…